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638th Aero Squadron : ウィキペディア英語版
638th Aero Squadron

The 638th Aero Squadron was a Air Service, United States Army unit that fought on the Western Front during World War I.
The squadron was assigned as a Day Pursuit (Fighter) Squadron as part of the 5th Pursuit Group, Second United States Army. Its mission was to engage and clear enemy aircraft from the skies and provide escort to reconnaissance and bombardment squadrons over enemy territory.〔(Maurer, Maurer (1978), The US Air Service in World War I, The Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF Washington )〕
The squadron was never fully organized, and with Second Army's planned offensive drive on Metz cancelled due to the 1918 Armistice with Germany, the squadron was assigned to the United States Third Army as part of the Occupation of the Rhineland in Germany. It returned to the United States in July 1919 and was demobilized.〔Series "E", Volume 24, History of the 636th-667th Squadrons. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.〕〔Order of Battle of the United States Land Forces in the First World War, Volume 3, Part 3, Center of Military History, United States Army, 1949 (1988 Reprint)〕
The squadron was never re-activated, and there is no United States Air Force or Air National Guard squadron that carries its lineage and history.
==History==

The 638th Aero Squadron was organized as the 117th Aero Squadron on 30 August 1917 at Kelly Field, Texas. While at Kelly Field, the squadron received its preliminary indoctrination training and performed the usual camp fatigue duties. On 26 October, the squadron received orders for overseas duty, and proceeded to the Aviation Concentration Center, Mineola Field, Long Island, New York, arriving on 31 October. While there, the squadron contributed its share of labor towards the construction of the facility and went though the process of equipping and preparing for foreign service.〔
The squadron moved to the Port of Entry, Hoboken, New Jersey on 16 December, and boarded the Cunard Liner SS Orduna on 17 December, bound for Liverpool, England. The voyage across the Atlantic was uneventful with the exception of extremely rough weather on Christmas Day. Also, a pilot boat was sunk off the Irish Coast by a mine or a submarine. This forced a change of destination, the Orduna turning into the River Clyde and docking in Glasgow, Scotland on 31 December. From there, the squadron traveled by train to the Morn Hill Rest Camp, Winchester, arriving on 1 January 1918.〔
At Winchester, the squadron was detached to the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) for advanced training. It was divided into flights, with "A" flight being sent to RFC Harlaxton; "B" flight to RFC Spittlegate, and "C" and "D" flights sent to RFC Catterick. At these stations, the men were trained in aircraft construction, engine maintenance, motor transport, and other skills. The flights were subsequently sent to several other RFC stations until being re-united at Camp Flower Down, Winchester on 17 August. There, the men were given a final examination and review by the British before receiving orders for the front.〔
The now 638th Aero Squadron moved to Southampton, and crossed the English Channel, arriving at American Rest Camp #2, Le Havre, France on 28 August. It then was moved to the Replacement Concentration Center, AEF, at St. Maixent Replacement Barracks, where it arrived on 31 August. There, the squadron was equipped with steel helmets firearms and gas masks. It was also designated as a Pursuit Squadron. It then was ordered to proceed to the 1st Air Depot at Colombey-les-Belles Airdrome on 26 October. There, all preparations were made for active service as a Pursuit Squadron, with pilots and an armament officer being assigned. On 5 November, sixteen British Sopwith Camel F.1s were assigned to the squadron. On the 14th, together with the 41st and 138th Aero Squadrons, the 638th traveled from Colombey to its new aerodrome at Lay-Saint-Remy.〔

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